UV-AIRE® Air Purification System

Indoor Air: High Concentrations of Biological Contaminants

With tighter building construction in recent years, the quality of indoor air has declined dramatically.

The air circulating in the ductwork of the average home or office can be concentrated with contaminants including molds, bacteria, viruses, and dust mites. We fill our lungs up to 20,000 times each day. Over time, these contaminants can cause inflammation of the mucous membranes, upper respiratory problems, asthmatic conditions, headaches, and flu-like symptoms.

Filtering systems offer little or no help because these airborne contaminants either pass through the filter or simply collect on the filter medium, creating a breeding ground. Now, with the UV-Aire® Air Purifying System, a solution is available to directly address the problems associated with poor indoor air quality.

Facts About Indoor Air

According to the Environmental Protection Agency, the air in homes can be up to 100 times more polluted than outdoor air.1
The National Academy of Sciences Institute of Medicine reports that exposure to indoor pollutants is a key contributor to the asthma problems of this nation.2
Most allergy and asthma sources are passed from person to person through the air.
The air in a single room can contain hundreds of thousands of infectious bacteria, viruses, fungal spores, and contaminants, which can only be seen with a microscope.
Health effects may show up immediately, or after years of exposure to poor indoor air quality. These symptoms include some respiratory diseases, heart disease, and cancer. They may be severely debilitating or fatal.3

Facts About UV

The disinfection of medical equipment using UV has been a common and reliable practice.4
UV disinfection has been determined to be adequate for inactivating bacteria and viruses.5
The germicidal effects of UV light cause photochemical damage to DNA and RNA within microorganisms.6
“...ultraviolet radiation, properly integrated with heating, ventilating, and air conditioning systems, shows the most promise as a widely applicable means of air disinfection.” Richard Riley, M.D.7

* The UV-V wavelength generates ozone. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, ozone can be harmful to your health. When inhaled, ozone can damage the lungs. Relatively low amounts of ozone can cause chest pain, coughing, shortness of breath, and throat irritation. Ozone can also compromise your ability to fight respiratory infections. All UV-Aire lamps are coated to block this wavelength.

1. http://www.epa.gov/iaq/ - 5/16/01
2. http://www.epa.gov/iaq/asthma/intro/index.html#WhoGetsAsthma? - 5/16/01
3. http://www.epa.gov/iaq/ia-intro.html
4. “UVGI Design Basics” HPAC. January 2000.
5. EPA Guidance Manual Alternative Disinfectants and Oxidants. April 1999.
6. Jagger, J. 1967. Introduction to Research in Ultraviolet Photobiology. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ
7. Richard Riley, M.D. “Airborne Infection” The American Journal of Medicine, September 1974, Vol. 57

UV-AIRE® Air Purification System

How The In-duct UV-Aire Works

UV-Aire uses the energy from a specially designed, high-intensity UV-C lamp to reduce microorganisms in the entire home as they cycle through the HVAC system. Mounted inside the ductwork, the UV-Aire sterilizes or kills most contaminants as they pass the lamp.

The process requires very little maintenance and costs just pennies a day to operate. The UV-Aire could be one of the best health and comfort investments a homeowner ever makes.

Indoor Air Treatment With UV

UV’s effectiveness in killing bacteria is directly related to a microorganism’s exposure time. Indoor air in a typical residential forced-air HVAC system will be recirculated 40-75 times a day. With a UV generating lamp mounted in the HVAC duct, cumulative exposure can be very effective in controlling indoor bacteria.

UV rays will also kill germs that breed in drain pans and A-coils. Properly positioned, an ultraviolet system can significantly reduce indoor air contamination and prevent the growth of new microorganisms.

The treatment of indoor air with ultraviolet radiation has been successful in health care facilities, food processing plants, schools, laboratories and other applications. It is safe, silent, and proven.

Since direct exposure to UV light can cause skin cancer and blindness, the most practical application of UV light in the home or office is in the main air distribution (heating and/or air conditioning) system. As UV light will not pass through metal, glass, or plastic, a UV light can be installed in the main supply or return duct of a central heating or air system without concern for direct exposure to eyes or skin. This is an ideal location since the air in the home or office will pass through the HVAC system up to 75 times per day during normal operation, and as many as 150 times per day in continuous fan mode.

Filter Systems Alone Don't Solve the Problem

The majority of indoor air is conditioned by forced-air heating and cooling (HVAC) systems. Standard fiber air filters are entirely ineffective in trapping germs, as most particles are simply too small, passing through the porous filter. New, high efficiency style filters will only capture
airborne bacteria down to a certain size. These high efficiency filters are nominally effective, trapping small airborne contaminants on the filter, creating a breeding ground where germs can continue to grow and multiply.

HVAC systems are a dark and damp breeding ground for mold and bacteria, particularly at the system filter and air conditioning A-coil. The buildup of matter on the A-coil and filter can significantly reduce the efficiency of the appliance by constricting and reducing air flow. This means increased cost to the homeowner in addition to the risk of airborne pollutants.

UV-AIRE® Air Purification System

How Much UV Energy is Required to Kill Bacteria?

Most, if not all bacteria can be destroyed by the use of UV light. The main factors in disinfection are the amount of UV power the lamp produces and the length of time the bacteria is exposed to the UV light source.

The energy required to kill microorganisms is a product of the UV light’s intensity and exposure time. This energy is measured in microwatt seconds per square centimeter.

Intensity x Exposure Time = microWatt seconds/cm2

Table 1 lists the amount of UV energy (measured in µW-sec/cm2) necessary to destroy various bacteria.

Independent Lab Testing

Independent lab testing of the UV-Aire shows that in a single-pass air flow test, one 18-inch UV-Aire lamp can reduce levels of Serratia Marcescens (a typical bacteria) by 93%, while a two lamp system can reduce by 99%.1

The calculated average UV energy output levels of a single UV-Aire lamp in an 18-inch square duct is 2,608 µW-sec/cm2 and 6,186 µW-sec/cm2 for a two lamp system. The 6,186 is comparable to the 99% energy required for Serratia Marcescens. It can be seen that there is a direct correlation between the UV-Aire UV lamp output and the observed kill rates in the lab.

Bird Flu Virus (Avian Flu)

The Bird Flu Virus is a type of Influenza. Since the kill rate for the influenza virus is 6,600 microwatts of UV energy, it is reasonable to conclude that the Bird Flu virus can be reduced or eliminated by 6,600-10,000 microwatts.

UV dose required for the de-activation of various microbes
Bacteria	UV Dose
Serratia Marcescens	6,160
Legionnella bozemanii	3,500
Legionnella micdadei	3,100
Mycobacterium tuberculosis	10,000
Salmonella enteritidis	7,600
Salmonella typhi (Typhoid Fever)	7,000
Streptococcus hemolyticus	5,500
Virus	UV Dose
Influenza	6,600
Infectious Hepatitis	8,000
Adeno Virus Type III	4,500
Rotavirus	24,000
Mold	UV Dose
Aspergillus amstelodami	77,000
Mucor Mucedo	77,000
Penicillium chrysogenum	56,000
Yeast	UV Dose
Baker's Yeast	8,000
Brewer's Yeast	13,200
UV dose is measured in microwatt seconds per centimeter squared (µW-sec/cm2). The information presented is intended to give the reader a general idea of how UV disinfects, based upon various credible resources. We do not guarantee its accuracy in any way.

Distance from Lamp	Intensity Factor
0	354
1"	127
2"	69
4"	32
6"	20
8"	14
10"	14
15"	6
20"	4
25"	3
30"	2
35"	1.4
39.97"	1


UV lamp intensity is rated at a distance of one meter. To determine the intensity of ultraviolet radiation at different distances from the lamp, multiply the intensity of the lamp by the intensity factor shown in the models and specifications chart. Example: To determine the ultraviolet intensity of the UV-18 at a distance of six inches, multiply 73 by 20 to yield 1460 µW-sec/cm2.

Correlating The Lab Test With Other Bacteria

Use the chart below to estimate the effectiveness of the UV-Aire with other bacteria.

Harder–to–kill bacteria and molds require greater energy or exposure time to be as effective. For example, 99% reduction of Rotavirus requires 24,000 µW-sec/cm2 of UV energy versus 6,600 µW-sec/cm2 for Influenza virus (see table below). This means that Rotavirus spores are five times more resistant than Influenza. Consequently, spores will require five times the UV output energy from the lamp or five times greater exposure time. For practical purposes, we recommend trapping the spores in a high efficiency filter downstream of the UV-Aire which can be irradiated continuously with the UV-Aire lamp.

For details of the lab test ask for form number 4291.

1. Efficiency of Bacterial Disinfection by a Duct- mounted UV-Aire® Air Purifier: by Microbe Management

UV-AIRE® Air Purification System

	STANDARD MODELS UV-12, UV-18, UV-28, UV-12HP, UV-18HP, UV-28HP	Hinged cover for easy accessibility Includes patent pending angle bracket and duct board mounting kit Installs easily and plugs into a standard 120V outlet All UV-HP (heatpump) models are 240V

	DUAL LAMP MODEL UV-18X	Double lamp maximizes intensity and effectiveness Handles up to 4000 sq. ft. Includes patent pending angle bracket and duct board mounting kit Installs easily and plugs into a standard 120V outlet

	CIRCUIT BOARD MODELS UV-12C, UV-18C, UV-28C, UV-12HPC, UV-18HPC, UV-28HPC	Electronically monitors lamp life Audible and visual lamp replacement alerts Can wire into the thermostat to extend lamp life Can link to existing security system Includes all features of standard models All UV-HPC (heatpump) models are 240V

	REMOTE MODEL UV-16/120	120 Volt Plugs into standard outlet Compact Design Fits in tight spaces Built-In Safety Switch Designed to light only inside the duct E-Z Lamp Replacement Simple twist and lock

	24 VOLT MODEL UV-16/24	24V Plug-in Transformer Included No electrician required Compact Design Fits in tight spaces Built-In Safety Switch Designed to light only inside the duct E-Z Lamp Replacement Simple twist and lock

	EXTERNAL MODELS UV-12E, UV-18E, UV-28E	For outdoor installations Ideal for any external package systems For rooftop applications Hard wired for 120V, 208V, or 240V

	UV-500C PORTABLE MODEL	Uses UV germicidal light, carbon, and high efficiency filtration Quiet fan with three speed control Purifies air in areas up to 500 square feet Circuit board monitors lamp and filter life Visual lamp and filter replacement alerts Plugs into any standard 120V outlet

	UV-1500C PORTABLE/WALL/CEILING MODEL	Purifies air in areas up to 1500 square feet Sits on the floor, hangs on the wall, or installs in drop ceiling Built-in fan with adjustable speed control Circuit board technology monitors lamp life Audible and visual lamp replacement alerts Plugs into any standard 120V outlet Uses UV germicidal light, carbon, and high efficiency filtration

Models & Specifications
Model	Minimum Duct Width	Voltage	Amps	Hz	Watts	Circuit Board	Recommended Max. Sq. Ft.	Lamp Intensity at 1 meter µW/cm2	Product Warranty
UV-12	9	120	0.5	60	30	no	1500	37	5 yr
UV-18	14	120	0.5	60	30	no	2000	73	5 yr
UV-28	22	120	1.1	60	60	no	3000	105	5 yr
UV-12E**	9	120/208/240	0.5	60	30	no	1500	37	5 yr
UV-18E**	14	120/208/240	0.5	60	30	no	2000	73	5 yr
UV-28E**	22	120/208/240	1.1	60	60	no	3000	105	5 yr
UV-12HP	9	240	0.5	60	30	no	1500	37	5 yr
UV-18HP	14	240	0.5	60	30	no	2000	73	5 yr
UV-28HP	22	240	1.1	60	60	no	3000	105	5 yr
UV-12C	9	120	0.5	60	30	yes	1500	37	1 yr
UV-18C	14	120	0.5	60	30	yes	2000	73	1 yr
UV-28C	22	120	1.1	60	60	yes	3000	105	1 yr
UV-12HPC	9	240	0.5	60	30	yes	1500	37	1 yr
UV-18HPC	14	240	0.5	60	30	yes	2000	73	1 yr
UV-28HPC	22	240	1.1	60	60	yes	3000	105	1 yr
UV-18X*	14	120	1.0	60	60	no	4000	2@73	5 yr
UV-500C	NA	120	0.4	60	36	yes	500	24	1 yr
UV-1500C	NA	120	0.5	60	30	yes	1500	37	1 yr
UV-16/120	16	120	0.5	60	30	no	2000	62	5 yr
UV-16/24	16	24	1.3	60	30	no	2000	62	5 yr
EL-1***	Fits any crawl space vent	120	0.6	60	35	-	1000	-	1 yr
EDH-1***	Humidity Switch	@120	12 max	-	-	-	-	-	1 yr

*UV-18X includes two lamps.
**UV-E series includes aluminum NEMA 3 enclosures for external, outdoor installation.
***The EL-1 Eliminator and the EDH-1 De-Humidistat are not UV-Aire products but are recommended to help control and reduce moisture and moisture related problems in crawl spaces.

Note: All lamps are warranted for 90 days after installation. A UV-Aire counter display is available. For more information, contact Field Controls.

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